ABSTRACT
PurposeAs the current Coronavirus 2019 pandemic eases, international tourism, which was greatly affected by the outbreak, is gradually recovering. The attraction of countries to overseas tourists is related to their overall performance in the pandemic. This research integrates the data of vaccination of different countries, border control policy and holidays to explore their differential impacts on the overseas tourists' intention during the pandemic. This is crucial for destinations to built their tourism resilience. It will also help countries and industry organizations to promote their own destinations to foreign tourism enterprises. Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes an analysis based on panel data for ten countries over 1,388 days. The coefficient of variation is used to measure monthly differences of Chinese tourists' intention to visit overseas country destinations. FindingsResults show that, for tourist intention of going abroad: border control of the destination country has a significant negative impact;daily new cases in the destination country have a significant negative impact;domestic daily new cases have a significant positive impact;holidays have significant negative impact;daily vaccination of the destination countries has significant positive impact;and domestic daily vaccination have negative significant impact. Research limitations/implicationsFirst, there is a large uncertainty in studying consumers' willingness to travel abroad in this particular period because of unnecessary travel abroad caused by the control of the epidemic. Second, there are limitations in studying only Chinese tourists, and future research should be geared toward a broader range of research pairs. Practical implicationsFirst, from the government perspective, a humane response can earn the respect and trust of tourists. Second, for tourism industry, to encourage the public take vaccine would be beneficial for both the tourism destination and foreign tourism companies. The same effect can be achieved by helping tourists who are troubled by border control. Social implicationsFirst, this research provides suggestions for the government and the tourism industry to deal with such a crisis in the future. Second, this study found that vaccination has a direct impact on tourism. This provides a basis for improving people's willingness to vaccinate. Thirdly, this study proves suggestion for the destinations to build tourism resilience. Originality/valueThis study analyzes the unique control measures and vaccination in different countries during the pandemic, then provides suggestions for the tourism industry to prepare for the upcoming postpandemic tourism recovery. This study is valuable for improving the economic resilience of tourism destinations. Additionally, it helps to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different restrain policies around the world.
ABSTRACT
As a rapidly evolving global pandemic, COVID-19 provides several opportunities for tourism researchers to study the resilience of the tourism industry from a socioecological system perspective. Pandemics are not new and, similar to other crises and disasters, can have lasting impacts on individuals, businesses, communities, and nations. This article offers ways to explore how COVID-19 could affect different aspects of tourism resilience, adopting a three-level approach (macro, meso, and micro). While recognizing that these three levels are not necessarily mutually exclusive, interactions between them can be a worthy area of research in itself. This article proposes a research agenda on COVID-19 and tourism system resilience and contributes to further understanding of scale of change (temporal and spatial), impacts, and resilience. The article identifies, for example, resilience of destinations, organizations, and tourists as important areas of future research in relation to the pandemic. However, theoretical advancements and managerial implications of such research should not be sacrificed at the expense of the opportunities that the context of COVID-19 presents. It is time for reset not only for the tourism industry but also for tourism researchers.
ABSTRACT
This exploratory study focuses on the understudied area of financial services available to tourism social entrepreneurs. Understanding the unique user experience of fundraising by tourism social entrepreneurs leading hybrid business models, where social value creation is intertwined with profitability, gives us insights into the effectiveness of current finance tools, especially during crises. These insights can help optimize financial instruments that contribute towards higher volumes of successful social entrepreneurship in tourism, ensuring their survival during crises. Data was collected during COVID-19 through qualitative semi-structured interviews. Findings suggest a need for more understanding of relevant social business models by financial providers and a dearth of trust in tourism businesses. The conceptual framework presented in this paper takes an empathetic approach to understand the user experience of tourism social entrepreneurs, using a grounded theory approach to improve existing financial tools. This study is relevant to entities dedicated to financing tourism businesses, tourism social entrepreneurs, and policymakers keen on developing tourism for economic and community development while simultaneously contributing to the scant literature on social finance. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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This research examines how deep travel habits in the form of habit formation and reduced substitutability between tourism travel and other leisure goods impact travel resilience after COVID-19. Using microdata for almost 3000 tourists in Andalusia (Spain), we relate post-pandemic outbreak tourism participation to pre-pandemic travelling intensity and whether taking a vacation is considered a priority good. In doing so, we control for standard sociodemographic characteristics and province fixed effects. Our results clearly show that the probability of continuing travelling during the summer of 2020 is positively associated with pre-pandemic travel intensity and tourism being considered a priority leisure activity. Travel resilience is found to be strongly associated with income, education level and the tenure of a second residence.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has led to the interruption of personnel flow, and the tourism industry has become one of the most seriously affected industries. With the gradual improvement of the domestic epidemic situation, the tourism industry has recovered in various provinces and regions, but that recovery shows the characteristics of temporal and spatial heterogeneity. From the perspective of "resilience”, this study characterizes the resistance and recovery of the tourism industry in the face of the epidemic impact, analyzes the trends of change, spatial pattern and phased characteristics of tourism resilience, and explores the factors influencing the differences in tourism resili-ence. The results indicate that China's tourism industry shows obvious resilience characteristics, and the trend of tourism resilience in most provinces and regions fluctuates and rises. For example, Gansu, Hainan, Guizhou, Hebei and Shandong have a high level of comprehensive toughness, while Tibet, Ningxia, Shanxi and Beijing have a very low level of comprehensive toughness, and most other provinces and regions show the characteristic pattern of "weak in the north and strong in the south”. This study shows that China's tourism resilience has experienced three stages: hard resistance, accelerated recovery and increasing with fluctuation. The resistance of the tourism industry to the impact of the epidemic is generally weak, and the ability to recover is significantly variable. The severity of the epidemic, the strictness of prevention and control policies, the joint influences of tourist source-destination, tourism foundation, geographical location and other factors will have a certain impact on tourism resilience. © 2023, Editorial office of Journal of Resources and Ecology. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Quantifying risk spillovers from exchange rates to inbound tourist arrivals by purpose of visit is essential for Australia to take proactive measures to achieve tourism business recovery and resilience after such critical events like the recent bushfires and the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a monthly dataset over the period January 1998–March 2020, this paper calculates the conditional value-at-risk (CoVaR) to evaluate how different types of inbound tourists to Australia respond to exchange rate fluctuations. The empirical results identify inbound tourist arrivals with the highest sensitivity to exchange rate fluctuations, confirming the role of exchange rates in determining inbound tourist arrivals by purpose of visit. Furthermore, these results shed light on provisions of tourism products, services, and infrastructural facilities to satisfy different requirements of Australia's inbound tourists by purpose of visit, aiming to promote tourism business recovery and resilience in Australia.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has dealt a serious blow to the global tourism industry, causing a fracturing of and decline in tourism development efficiency and even a stagnation of tourism development in some regions. To solve the contradiction between efficiency and quality, it is necessary to ensure the endogenous power of tourism resilience while pursuing the efficiency of tourism development. This study assumes that Hainan Province follows a tourism development path led by resilience. The improved weighting method, EBM model and Haken model are used to evaluate the level of resilience, the level of efficiency and their co-evolution. The findings indicate that the core tourism cities represented by Sanya and Haikou have a high level in the individual fields of tourism development efficiency and tourism economic resilience but have limited performance in the synergistic relationship between tourism development efficiency and tourism economic resilience. In contrast, the marginal tourism cities represented by Tunchang County and Ledong County have low tourism development efficiency and resilience, but their synergistic development level is high. This result proves that co-evolution plays a dual forward and reverse driving role. Based on the identification of the order parameters, it is concluded that Hainan Province is characterized by a synergistic evolutionary synergy dominated by resilience, which is in line with the trend of social development and the sustainable development of tourism. While reasonably pursuing the tourism economy and development efficiency, we should pay attention to strengthening resilience construction based on multiple aspects, such as tourists, enterprises, organizations, governments and destinations.
ABSTRACT
Traditional villages constitute rural systems with rich cultural heritage resources and the potential for tourism development. Improving resilience in the tourism industry in traditional villages in the post-pandemic era must be urgently reconsidered. This study focuses on the Chinese villages of Zhang Guying and Rebala in Hunan Province and uses a qualitative analysis method. Through in-depth study of two case villages, the study finds that traditional Chinese villages, especially tourist-oriented traditional villages, are more vulnerable to the impact of the epidemic than cities and other places. However, because of their unique traditional cultural connotations, traditional Chinese villages have the potential to enhance tourism resilience in the post-epidemic era through cultural excavation and cultural creative production. The embossed patterns, couplet stories, architecture and folk culture of traditional villages can be used for cultural and creative production. The production of digital products and physical cultural and creative products, and the formation of related industrial chains, will help improve the resilience of village tourism. The joint action of villages, attractiveness (scenic spots), production, social capital, government structure, and cultural creativity helps to transform “vulnerable individuals” into “ resilient industrial structures”. This research helps to reconsider whether the past tourism concepts (cultural creativity and creative tourism) have an effect on existing tourism destinations (especially Chinese traditional villages) in the context of the post-epidemic era, and whether they can be rejuvenated. Like other small organizational structures facing the threat of the epidemic, Chinese traditional villages have problems such as insufficient costs and reduced resource advantages. This study will focus on these issues to explore how cultural creativity can help improve existing problems and enhance tourism resilience.
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Using bibliometric analysis, quantitative content analysis, qualitative thematic analysis, and spatial analysis, this paper analyzes the intellectual landscape of research on tourism resilience over the past two decades. The results show that tourism resilience research has not yet established a close collaborative network at the international level, although the themes of tourism resilience research have been diversified. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, research on tourism resilience can be divided into two stages. Climate change and the pandemic are the two major factors affecting tourism resilience at destination, organizational, and individual levels. Additionally, we identified five major themes of tourism resilience research. Finally, we provide three suggestions for rebuilding a new paradigm of tourism development in the post-pandemic era. It is hoped that the study contributes to promoting tourism resilience studies and provokes critical thought about whether tourism development need a “pandemic turn.”
ABSTRACT
The study's goal is to determine how factors affecting tourism resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic affect Ho Chi Minh Tourism's ability to respond to changes and disruptions. The model and research hypotheses were tested using Multiple Regression Analysis Models. The statistical findings showed that the tourism resilience components have a significant influence on the tourism resilience in Ho Chi Minh city. The analyses revealed that tourism resilience consisted of four latent dimensions. There are 4 explanatory variables with a significance coefficient < 0.05. Therefore, the variables Economic resilience, Ecological resilience, Institutional resilience, and Social resilience all have a significant impact on tourist resilience, which is consistent with Jamaliah and Powell (2017). The findings have important managerial implications for local governments, as well as factors that contribute to tourism resilience, as they must attempt to adapt to changes and turbulences during a pandemic, ensuring that the tourism system rebounds in the future. The four components of tourist resilience are defined in the theoretical contribution. The findings of the study could serve as a starting point for developing future tourist resilience strategies. Because the application of tourist resilience theory is still relatively new, this study presents two theoretical and methodological contributions.
ABSTRACT
This paper quantitatively analyzes the resilience of tourism to COVID-19 and its territorial distribution in Spain, a global tourism power and one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. A first descriptive analysis of data from the summer of 2020 shows that: i) resilience was not homogeneously distributed across Spanish provinces;ii) the territorial concentration of tourism demand decreased due to the pandemic crisis;iii) the distribution of resilience was not consistent with standard indicators of tourism competitiveness. Econometric modeling shows that pre-pandemic domestic market specialization and population density explain most observed variability. Therefore, resilience was largely predetermined, so that the different policies adopted by some territories to attract domestic demand played a minor explanatory role.